Abstract The type VI secretion system (T6SS) Pine Bark is a multiprotein weapon that kills eukaryotic predators or prokaryotic competitors by delivering toxic effectors.Despite the importance of T6SS in bacterial environmental adaptation, it is still challenging to systematically identify T6SS effectors because of their high diversity and lack of c
Atmospheric water vapor (AWV) was investigated for the first time in the Chinese Bohai Sea using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver aboard a lightweight (300-ton) ship.An experiment was conducted to retrieve the AWV Floor Hockey - Equipment using the state-of-the-art GPS precise point positioning (PPP) technique.The effects of atmospheric w
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations accompanied by abiotic stresses challenge food production worldwide.Elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) affects plant water relations via multiple mechanisms involving abscisic acid (ABA).Here, two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes, Ailsa Craig (AC) and its ABA-deficient mutant (flacca), were used to investigate th
Invertebrate organisms mostly have innate immune system.Hemocytes are the immune cells of the innate immunity in invertebrates.Our study was designed to observe the effect of malathion insecticide on the innate immune system, immune function and hemocytes of Drosophila melanogaster.A hemocytometer was used for total count of hemocytes which showed
Reproduction and immunity are fitness-related traits that trade-off with each other.Parasite-mediated theories of sexual selection suggest, however, that higher-quality males should suffer smaller costs to reproduction-related traits and behaviours (e.g., sexual display) from an immune challenge because these males possess more resources with which